Caused by excessive stretching of the plantar fascia that leads to inflammation. Sufferers can experience symptoms such as, heel pain, arch pain, and heel spurs. The plantar fascia is a broad band of fibrous tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, connecting at the heel bone and extending to the forefoot. Possible Causes are over-pronation and unusually high arches.

More commonly known as flat feet, over-pronation occurs when a person’s arch collapses upon weight bearing. This biomechanical problem can lead to added stress and strain to the plantar fascia, potentially causing inflammation, pain, or other foot issues. Flat feet can be rooted in causes such as obesity, pregnancy, or repetitive pounding on a hard surface resulting in a weakened arch.

Known medically as Hallux Valgus, bunions are one of the most common foot problems. Bunions present as prominent bumps or protrusions on the inside of the foot around the joint of the big toe. This bump can be caused by genetics, improperly fitted footwear or other factors. This condition can cause swelling, inflammation, and overall soreness to the 1^st and 2^nd toe.

A callus is caused when there is an accumulation of dead skins cells that harden and thicken over an area of the foot. Calluses are most often formed in response to excessive pressure or friction, acting as protection for that area of the body. As it pertains to the foot, calluses are most often found on the main pressure points, including the ball of the foot, heel, and the inside of the big toe.

A Hammer Toe is caused by the contraction of the PIP joint (middle joint in the toe). Ligaments and tendons will tighten, causing the toe joint to curl downwards. There are two categories of hammer toes - flexible and rigid - each corresponding to if the toe joint is able to be moved. In flexible hammer toes, there is still some ability to move the toe. 

Studies show that 25% of patients with diabetes will develop painful foot problems related to the disease. One such problem is aptly known as Diabetic Neuropathy, with the most common type called Peripheral Neuropathy. Peripheral Neuropathy affects the peripheral nerves and results in the impairment of proper function of these sensory and motor nerves.